# Unemployment vs. Underemployment> Alternative measures of labor underutilization.- toc: true- author: Nigel Soria- badges: true- categories: [bls, unemployment, discouraged]- permalink: /labor-utilization/- image: images/ks-lau.png
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The six measures are based on the following definitions:
U-1, persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force;
U-2, job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force;
U-3, total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (this is the definition used for the official unemployment rate);
U-4, total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers;
U-5, total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers; and
U-6, total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.
#hideimport numpy as npimport pandas as pdimport requestsimport scipy.stats as ssimport matplotlib as mplimport jsonimport plotly.graph_objects as gofrom urllib.request import urlopenfrom IPython.display import Imagefrom IPython.display import HTML
Labor Underutilization Rates for Kansas, 2003-2019 Annual Averages
Double clicking on one of the items in the legend will isolate that series. Double clicking again will bring back the lines for the other measures.